Women in the Military :: Women in Military Essays

Women in the Military   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gun shots go over head. Bang, boom, run, run, run, hurry, go, boom, is all that can be heard. It’s completely dark outside. You can barely see ten feet in front of your face. All that can be seen is outlined figures of individuals running every which way. Shouting is coming from every direction. What should you do? Every second you think leaves your body vulnerable. You are in the middle of a high intensity fire fight. All of sudden you feel a little weak in the knees. You are still standing up, but you cannot walk even one step. You feel faint, almost a sick type of feeling. You look down and you notice blood coming from your body. Then it becomes apparent†¦you have been shot. You fall to the ground; everything is in slow motion and you yell as loud as possible for help. Medivac is on the way but you have to be carried a half a mile away from the conflict for them to pick you up. Can the individuals on your team carry your body all that way. After all they are tired as it is. What if the only person that could be counted on is a woman who is not able to lift you†¦then what? Because women do not go through the same physical standards as men, they should not be allowed to serve in the United States Military.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now I don’t want to sound like a woman basher. I believe women are capable of doing the same roles as men do. They need to undergo the basic training standards as men though. Here are a few interesting facts about basic training physical test standards in the United States Marine Corps for men and women. The Marine Corps has the hardest physical standards among all the branches in the military. Men have to run a three mile course in twenty-six minutes. Women have to run the exact same three mile course, but they are allowed an additional six minutes to do it in. They have to do run in a maximum time of thirty-two minutes. Does this seem right? This is not all. Men also have to complete three pull-ups before going to the next test; women, only one. Men have to do fifty push-ups and sixty-five sit-ups each in a time of two minutes. Not women. They only have to do thirty push-ups and only a pathetic fifty sit-ups in that same amount of time.

Is it ethical to feed live food to reptiles

Is it ethical to feed live food to exotic pets? Abstract Live food items are often fed to exotic pet species whether they be birds, amphibians, reptiles or mammals. This raises issues of welfare, both of the animals fed live prey Items and the prey Itself. Concerns over live food welfare are particularly marked In the feeding of vertebrate prey Items and evidence presented here shows the prolonged time taken for rodents to die, this fuelling these concerns.And yet the welfare of all exotic pets relies both on providing optimal nutrition and ensuring, as such as possible, that their natural behaviors can be expressed. Does that mean that predatory species must be fed live prey? This paper discusses this problem and seeks potential solutions. Introduction Many of the â€Å"exotic† species that are kept as pets (companion animals) or for study, or which form part of a zoo or rescue centre, are wholly or partly carnivorous and therefore require food of animal origin.Many omnivores also feed In part on live or dead animals and some essentially herbivorous/carnivorous species, such as finches (Freeloading), require invertebrate food when they are nestlings. In this paper emphasis is on the provision of still living food, but brief mention will be made of dead animals. The discussion relates mainly to live food given to captive exotic animals but it must be remembered that free-living Individuals also kill and eat live prey. The use of live food Food comprising live animals or their derivatives is widely considered to serve two main purposes.First, from a nutritive perspective, It contains important, sometimes essential, amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients; secondly, from a behavioral viewpoint It provides captive animals with stimulation, especially when It Is resented to them in an imaginative way, providing a very important form of environmental enrichment. The subject of â€Å"live-feeding† of animals in zoos and private collections has become a specialist topic, with numerous papers in the literature about how best such diets should be chosen and presented. These include precautions to minimize damage to the prey species by attacks from the animals provided as live food. O be well-substantiated; as noted above, it provides behavioral enrichment and represents a natural or near-natural method of providing essential nutrition . There s, however, another important consideration, which is sometimes forgotten or ignored. This is the question of the wellbeing of the live food that is being offered. After all, the food consists of living animals which, regardless of their taxonomic status, may be subjected to and affected by stresses, including pain during the period before and during being eaten. There are several stages at which the prey species may be subjected to stresses.The first of these is during production or collection. Live food is either bred in captivity or collected in the wild and in many cases such breeding or c ollection may involve stress for the animals involved. When offered as food, prior to being devoured the live food prey item is often in what for it is an unusual, an â€Å"alien† environment. It may, for example, be exposed to abnormally high temperatures or bright lights, rendering the individual, by definition, vulnerable to attack/apprehension by the animal to which it is being fed.The key welfare issue for many animals provided as live food will be when they are being devoured. Some live food is killed almost instantaneously by the predator, using physical or chemical means from trauma to veneration, both of these potentially rendering the prey immobile while losing consciousness. In such circumstances there may be little in risk of poor welfare. But often death takes much longer – for instance, a rodent constricted and thus killed by suffocation by a snake, or a cockroach dismembered while it is still alive.Some prey items may be swallowed whole and are therefore still alive – and presumably conscious – for some time until they die of asphyxia or the effect of the predator's gastric Juices; If not immediately devoured uneaten prey may be taken and consumed abstinently, perhaps on another day, but in the meantime it has to survive in an alien environment, often without water, food or appropriate shelter. Sometimes the prey item is never eaten, either because the predator is no longer hungry or because the prey escapes.As a result, it may die as a result of starvation, dehydration, hyperthermia or hypothermia in the predator's cage. It may, alternatively, establish itself in that cage or escape into the home/zoo environment. Here crickets (Grilled) are the best example. The debate Vertebrate food Some decades ago concern began to be voiced by some individuals and certain institutions about the practice of feeding live vertebrates to captive mammals, birds and reptiles. The methods employed began to be subjected to greater scruti ny and criticism as a greater understanding of, and sensitivity to, issues of animal welfare evolved.Society of London) introduced a ban on the feeding of living vertebrate food to its captive reptiles and instead to train the latter to take freshly-killed prey or items (for example, a freshly dead rabbit) that could be moved to simulate life or placed in an unusual environment, such as a hollow tube, to interest the hungry predator. In Britain, at any rate, many other zoos and herpetologists followed suit and by the late asses the use of dead, not living, prey was considered to be â€Å"good practice†.During the decade of the asses claims were regularly made by animal welfare groups that live-feeding was â€Å"illegal† in the I-J but these assertions were countered in lectures and articles (1). The point was made that there was no specific legal ban on live- feeding but that such a practice might lead to a prosecution under the Protection of Animals Acts (2). Herpetol ogists who still wanted to feed live food to their charges ere encouraged to take steps to minimize suffering in various ways – for example, by not leaving live food in the various for long periods of time and by providing shelter and water for it.Those recommendations in Britain were in a large part a modification and refinement of the approach taken by the senior author nearly a decade beforehand, when, in an attempt to encourage a more humane approach to live-feeding of snakes in East Africa, a document was drawn up by the Kenya Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (KAPPA). This is reproduced as Appendix A. Force-feeding† of non-living food is also a possibility, particularly used for ‘difficult' species such as Royal pythons (Python argues) but this can be stressful.Another argument used on both sides of the Atlantic, to dissuade reptile-keepers from feeding live vertebrate food was that the latter could easily attack and damage the predator speci es. Thus, for instance, live rodents put in Bavaria as food can cause severe skin lesions in snakes (3, 4, 5). Having said that, a casual glance through online video clips, as detailed further below, shows that live vertebrate prey are still fed to pitiless by a number of keepers. Invertebrate food Questioning the feeding of live invertebrates to captive animals is less common even today .In the asses an â€Å"animal rights† group based in Scotland lobbied for more awareness of the welfare needs of invertebrate animals and included in their concerns the use of crickets, maelstroms and other species as food items for captive mammals, birds and reptiles. In the past two decades interest amongst veterinarians and others in the health and welfare of invertebrates has grown (6, 7). In its wake, discussion and studies on whether or not invertebrates â€Å"suffer† pain have become reverent (7), including some limited analysis and discussions of the ethical considerations of u sing these animals as live prey.A problem, of course, is that the term â€Å"invertebrate† is very broad, covering around 30 distinct phyla, and the ability of such animals to react to a noxious stimulus varies greatly between, say, a coelenterate that has no generalized nervous system and a cephalic with a well-developed nervous system and pain responses (7). The main groups of invertebrate that are used as food for other animals are arthropods, phyla produce endorphins and may, therefore, be able not only to respond to pain by appropriate escape behavior but be aware of it.Research on the nematode Conservationist elegant, for instance, has shown that activation, an invertebrate homologue of morphogenesis, together with improprieties, modulates aversive activity that mimics behaviors associated with chronic pain in vertebrates (9). While such primitive species can exhibit inception, it would be questioned by many as to whether they feel pain, defined as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage' (italics added) (10).Even a single- led amoeba moves away from a noxious stimulus, but cannot be said to have an emotional response – so where on the evolutionary ‘ladder' does such a response occur? Certainly there are behavioral indicators of pain in several crustacean species (11) and some mollusks (12). In some situations such as the use of live insects in biomedical research, the approach advocated by certain authors has been â€Å"to give them (invertebrates) the benefit of the doubt† and therefore (for example) to employ an anesthetic agent when a procedure to be performed that might cause pain (13).Such a precautionary Renville has not apparently, however, been applied to the use of these same species as live food for mammals, birds or reptiles – and probably would not be realistic. We are, after all, here in a situation where the benefits of one species, the predat or, must be weighed against those of the prey species. Such is the very essence of nature. Hopefully, wherever possible, in a captive environment the welfare needs of both predator and prey can be considered and predator species trained to accept dead prey rather than live. ‘ A preliminary study of welfare of live prey speciesPerhaps a start on such a Journey is to ask for evidence regarding the welfare of prey species when being fed to a predator species. For that reason, we present here a preliminary study using online You Tube videos of various captive reptiles as the predator and mice, rats and crickets as live prey items. Clearly this cannot be a controlled study, but the videos were sampled by accessing the first ten adequate clips defined by ‘reptile eats live mouse', ‘reptile eats live rat', and ‘reptile eats live locust' and recording the time taken from apprehension of the prey item to death as determined by the time of last movement of prey item.It could be argued that the prey species may not lose consciousness until after that period and, in some cases, vivification by the prey item may occur after the last obvious movement, but in those documented in Table 1 this was not the case. The time to death as estimated by cessation of any movement was 62Ð’Â ±29 seconds for mice, 54Ð’Â ±21 seconds for rats and 18Ð’Â ±17 seconds for locusts, with ranges from 38 to 120 seconds for the mice, 24-82 seconds for the rats and 5-62 seconds for the locusts .These figures are clearly influenced by the size of both prey and of predator. Euthanasia of laboratory rodents by carbon dioxide may take 2-3 minutes (14) while cervical dislocation successfully killed animals apparently instantaneously in 79% of animals in one study (15). In another study electroencephalographic activity during the 30 seconds immediately (at 5 to 10 s), 10-15 seconds after exposure to 100% CO, 15-20 seconds after decapitation and at 20-25 seconds with cardi ac arrest caused by KC injection but not after administration of 70% CO (15).A painful and fear-provoking death taking p to 2 minutes as seen in many live food subjects would not, we argue, be acceptable in any circumstances. Interestingly, few if any rodents seemed aware that a predator shared the various with them, many mice actively investigating the snake until the moment of attack. Other rodents in the enclosure did not appear to show behavioral evidence of fear even when other rodents in the same various were attacked, constricted and killed.On the other hand, the fear and pain indicated by rapid movements and vacillations of the prey item, was clear in many of the cases as noted in Table 1 . These author found it disturbing to watch the video clips in many cases and we would argue that the suffering of prey species in many of these video clips and in many is contrary to the requirements of the Animal Welfare Act (2006) in the United Kingdom, as discussed further below. Discus sion There can be no hard-and-fast rules about the feeding of live food to captive animals.However we advocate that, if it is not necessary to sustain the life of the prey species in order to stimulate the predator to pretend and swallow, live-feeding should not take place.. When such a feeding practice is necessary – and is not De facto in intervention of legislation – it should be carried out with care and sensitivity and follow a code of practice. As noted at the beginning of this paper, there are two elements to live-feeding – the predator and the prey – and these both warrant a humane approach.Although reptiles have attracted particular attention in the debate about live-feeding, other carnivorous tax have also come under some scrutiny, especially in Europe. The feeding of large felid such as lions, tigers and cheetahs with live vertebrates, such as rodents or alligators, has long ceased to be accepted practice in zoos in cost of Europe. The use of l iving animals, such as mice or quail, to encourage falconers' birds and wildlife casualties to perfect their hunting skills has, likewise, been officially phased-out.Some of the practices alluded to above have stopped because of public attitudes but legislation has also, indirectly, had a result. Thus, for example, the I-J Animal Welfare Act 2006, while not specifically outlawing the feeding of live food to carnivorous species, puts an onus of responsibility on keepers on a duty of care to all animals in their possession and thus an obligation to ensure as far as possible that ere species are killed before being offered as food.

History and Medication of ADHD - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 374 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: ADHD essay Did you like this example? Until the later half of the 20th cenutry, treating childhood behavior problems with medication was an almost nonexistent. The Americans migration toward psychiatric drug therapy for behavior-disordered children began in the 1960s, when American medical professional made it acceptable to use psychostimulants to treat symptoms to what is now described as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. Over the last 30 years the rate of drug treatment for behavior problems has increased exponentially. Resulting in the prescription of ADHD drug treatment for 5 to 6 million American children every year. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History and Medication of ADHD" essay for you Create order The high rate of prescription for Ritalin and expensive brand-name drugs such as Adderall, Concerta, and Metadate reflect a reliance on psychotropic drugs in American healthcare practices. The all time high levels of drug treatment for child behavior problems are raising questions and concerns by professionals, media commentators, and the public about the possibility of overdiagnosis of ADHD in youth and the possibility of overprescribing stimulant medications. What is not being considered in this debate is the role corporate greed plays in over diagnosing cases of ADHD. An article by Harvard Medical School reads, Experts estimate that 5% is a realistic upper limit of children with the disorder (ADHD), but in many areas of the country, as Watson found in Virginia, up to 33% of children are diagnosed with ADHD. Schwarz explores how this came to pass. He investigates pharmaceutical companies collaboration with leading academic experts and celebrities combined with aggressive direct-to-consumer advertising campaigns to boost recognition of and pharmacotherapy for the condition. Schwartz believes the overdiagnosis of ADHD is due to the medias recent positive attitude and attention toward it. He is using the logical fallacy of a slippery slope. He believes that when people see celebrities normalizing ADHD, these people start showing symptoms, and are then diagnosed with ADHD, which has lead to the rapid increase in ADHD diagnosis. The newfound celebrity attention and advocacy for ADHD alone is not enough to have resulted in such an exponential increase in ADHD diagnosis. In another article, by Allen Frances says, I was always suspicious that the high rates of diagnosis and prescription for ADHD came about because researchers based their figures on reports from parents, who in turn based their beliefs on teachers or doctors with no credible evidence.

Super Heroes in the Epic of Gilgamesh - 676 Words

The Super two Heroes Epics have been around for centuries until this present time and considered typically from oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventure of legendary figures. Forever it will be until the end of the world. Because one key concept of an epic is the presence of a hero and yet they are able to withstand all the trials and challenges they may go through. Who will convince the gods on your behalf that you may find the life you are seeking? Love as a motivating force, the inevitable of death and the gods are also dangerous if you fall into victim. The epic of Gilgamesh is one of the earliest pieces of poem written on twelve different clay tables which remained one of the most prominent stories in world today. Number of this poetry wrote about Gilgamesh present him as a ruler of his people in Uruk which is called today Iraq. â€Å"The priest will bless the young couple, the guests will rejoice, the bridegroom will step aside, and the virgin will wait in the marriage bed for Gilgamesh, the king of great-walled Uruk.† Gilgamesh a king whose desire is to sleep with the virgins and treat people so badly provoked the gods to fulfill the wish of the people by creating Enkidu who possess supernatural strength to fight Gilgamesh. Within a period of time Gilgamesh and Enkidu united to become more than friends. They took upon themselves hazardous task and killed the monster Humbaba which Gilgamesh purposely chose to slay simply for the glory of it. Later,Show MoreRelated Comparing the Hero in Epic of Gilgamesh and Homers Iliad Ess ay730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Hero in Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad    One and the same lot for the man who hangs back and the man who battles hard. The same honor waits for the coward and the brave. They both go down to Death, the fighter who shirks, the one who works to exhaustion. (IX,385-88) Thus muses Achilles, one of epic poetrys greatest heroes. Epic poetry, one of the earliest forms of literature, began as an oral narration describing a series of mythical or historic events. EventuallyRead MoreEpic Of Gilgamesh : The Epic Hero1641 Words   |  7 PagesGilgamesh is an ancient Mesopotamian hero, featured in the famous tale of â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh†, who embarks on a perilous quest for immortality. This idea, â€Å"†¦touches on the most fundamental questions of what it actually means to be human†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Homer 33), and gives us light into the minds of the people during the era. Gilgamesh’s tale gives us a glimpse at how the people of that day viewed a â€Å"hero†, and allows us to reflect upon what we consider a â€Å"hero† today. Using the Epic Hero Cycle, I will analyzeRead MoreThe Epic Of Epic Heroes2181 Words   |  9 Pagesthe traits of epic heroes represent an integral part of ancient literature. In fact, wha t would literature be without epic heroes? How different would The Odyssey be if Odysseus never went on his epic journey? Would the epic poem Beowulf still be read today if the character Beowulf never challenged Grendel and Grendel’s mother? In the story, The Epic of Gilgamesh, characters, both men and women, exhibit characteristics that could be considered heroic, but do they represent epic heroes? Applying a characterRead More The Transcending Characteristics of a Mythical Hero Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Sumerians, predecessors of the Persians, there exists a startling parallelism in imagery and themes of the myths of the respective peoples. The epics of Heracles and Gilgamesh are an exceptionally good example of these similarities. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One cannot know with a certainty whether the original creator of the epic of Gilgamesh, whose name is lost in time, or Shin-eqi-unninni, the scribe with whose version we are familiar today, knew anything of the legend of Heracles. HoweverRead MoreCharacteristics Of Gilgamesh1021 Words   |  5 Pages A hero can be anyone. A hero does not have to be a super hero that is on TV or in the movies. A hero can be anyone who is admired for his or her courage and outstanding achievements. A hero can be a parent, a family member, a friend, or even a doctor. A hero is a person who comes into another persons life to help and encourage the other person. The hero can have a significant effect on any person. They could have helped a person when he or she was having a hard time or they saved them from an accidentRead MoreSimilarities Between The Monkey King And Gilgamesh1536 Words   |  7 Pagesglobe. Gilgamesh and the Monkey King are two different stories from different background settings and they are in one way or the other similar and at the same time they have distinctive features as the narrators try to put across their points to the readers of these stories. This essay will examine some of the things which are common between the Handsome Monkey King and Gilgamesh. In addition to, this essay will try to explain the reasons which are making these two characters untypical heroes. TypicallyRead MoreComparing The Epics And The Epic Heroes2376 Words   |  10 PagesComparison of the Epics In every epic, there are common themes that present themselves throughout the story, such as war. The epics Gilgamesh, Beowulf, and The Mahabharata, share similar characteristics in terms of their strength, values, and journeys. In each of the epics that will be discussed, there is the occurrence of fighting for honor and to have a legacy. The epic heroes follow many of the guidelines that Joseph Campbell has written in his book Hero with a Thousand Faces. Joseph CampbellRead MoreThe Dark is Rising Series1373 Words   |  6 PagesIn every epic journey there are a series of events which the hero must go through if he is to become the ultimate hero. One of the most important parts in the epic journey is the descent into darkness or hell. Hell is a place where the hero travels to a dark place to learn about himself or to find very key information about his quest. However there is one common theme. The theme is the hero learns some valuable lessons. He or she learns how the underworld helps him to achieve the symbolic death andRead MoreAnalysis Of Beowulf As A Heroic Epic779 Words   |  4 Pageshero is somebody who voluntarily walks into the unknown†. Stories about such heroes have been told for centuries. In fact, heroistic ideals are sometimes the basis of a society. The Anglo-Saxon people are a prime example of the previous statement. In Anglo-Saxon culture, being called a hero was an honor. Heroes were treated like kings. One of the most popular hero stories that bled into Anglo-Saxon life was the heroic epic of Beowulf. Beowulf was the perfect example of an Anglo-Saxon hero as he wasRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Iliad2165 Words   |  9 PagesInstructors’ Name Course Name Date Gilgamesh and Achilles as Portrayed in the Writings â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Iliad† â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† and â€Å"The Iliad† presented conflict between the ancient kings, the gods, and finest warriors with other ordinary community members. Throughout the writings Gilgamesh, the king of Uru Community, and Achilles, one of the greatest Greek warriors, struggled to resolve the conflicts between the gods and their community members. However, Gilgamesh misused his powers to a point

The Road Through The Wall By Shirley Jackson - 1897 Words

Shirley Jackson was born in San Francisco, California on December 14th 1916. From an early age she was at odds with her parents expectations. Within these expectations her mother had an obsession with appearance that put her further away from her. Jackson began writing in 1930 as a teenager and grew up in a suburban atmosphere; this later became the subject of her first novel â€Å"The Road through the Wall† in 1948. From California she moved cross country to Rochester, New York in 1934. Her university education began at the University of Rochester in 1936 but withdrew that same year. Jackson reentered the following year, 1937, to Syracuse University. This is where her writing blossomed. As an undergraduate her story â€Å"Janice† was published in the Syracuse University magazine in 1938 and the following year won second prize in a poetry contest. Jackson began a literary journey, Spectre, with Stanley Edgar Hyman and was in a romantic relationship with him as well. In 1940, the same year she graduated, with a dual major in English and speech, she married Stanley Hyman. The first of her four children, Laurence, was born in 1942 which is the same time she began to have her stories published. Two years later in 1944, she was chosen for Best American Short Stories for â€Å"Come Dance with Me in Ireland.† A year after her husband acquired a teaching job at Bennington College and they moved to North Benningtown, Vermont, where she continued to write and raise her children. Jackson became aShow MoreRelated Shirley Jacksons The Lottery 946 Words   |  4 PagesShirley Jackson is said to be one of the most â€Å"brilliant and influential authors of the twentieth century.† â€Å"Her fiction writing is some of the most important to come out of the American literary canon.† (http://shirleyjackson.org/Reviews.html) Jackson wrote many short stories and even some books. They are more on the dark, witchlike side, however. Kelleher explains that Jackson stated in some interviews that she practiced magic. No one really knows if she was serious while practicing witchcraftRead MoreEssay about The Life and Literary Works of Shirley Jackson4264 Words   |  18 PagesShirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1919 to Leslie and Geraldine Jackson. Her surroundings were comfortable and friendly. Two years after Shirley was born, her family with her newborn brother moved from San Francisco to Burlingame, California, about thirty miles away. According to her mother, Shirley began to compose verse almost as soon as she could write it (Friedman, 18). As a child, Shirley was interested in sports and literature. In 1930, a year before she attended Burlingame High SchoolRead MoreShirley Jackson Biography Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesShirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1916 in San Francisco, California. She was the daughter of Leslie Hardie (President of Stecher-Traung Lithograph,Inc.) and Geraldine Bugbee Jackson. Miss Jackson attended the University of Rochester from 1934 to 1936. She graduated with a BA from Syracuse University in 1940. Shortly after graduating, she married Stanley Edgar Hyman, who was a literary critic and was on the faculty of Bennington college.. They moved to Vermont and had four children togetherRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson488 Words   |  2 PagesSymbolism in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Thesis: The short story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson found in Perrines Literature written by Thomas R. Arp is a story full of symbolism. I. Names are used to represent different aspects of the story. a. Mr. Summers is a bright and cheerful man. His attitude, demeanor, and name represent the summer. Mr.Graves name represents what is about to happen. They are sending someone to their grave. These names are obvious as to what they mean. b. MrsRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson Analysis1592 Words   |  7 Pages In â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson tells the story of a fictional village with a population of about three hundred citizens in America, in which a mysterious event known as â€Å"the lottery† takes place once a year. Jackson tells the story from a third-person objective point of view, meaning the narrator tells the story without knowing or commenting on the inner thought of the characters, which makes the ending so shocking. The lottery as a whole is inhumane and cruel, but the people of the villageRead MoreTo Further Understand The Text One Must Know The Literary1724 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause one may associate the word lottery with being lucky or beneficial but the lottery tradition that takes place in the story is the complete opposite. In order to understand the short story The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson, one must first understand the background of the author. Shirley Jackson was born on December 14, 1916 in San Francisco. She spent most of her childhood in Burlingame, California where she as a teenager begin to write short stories. In 1936 she attended the University of RochesterRead MoreThe Summer People, By Shirley Jackson And Smoke Ghost By Fritz Leiber1649 Words   |  7 Pagesexample from our readings and pick out some sort of â€Å"real world† issue or important thing that I have learned from them. For the sake of time, however, I will focus on â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, â€Å"The Summer People† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"Smoke Ghost† by Fritz Leiber. Each of these stories has succeeded in broadening my horizons and has taught me something important about the world in which we live. Weird fiction stories cover a wide range of important issues incl uding sexismRead MoreUtopia, Dystopia, Two Worlds1630 Words   |  7 Pagesauthors have created stories of about what a perfect, or imperfect, world looks like to them. There are two stories that come to mind that explains the polar opposite of two worlds. One of the stories that will be discussed is â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. The other story will be â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas† by Ursula Le Guinn. As you read both stories, the writers have provide great detail about each world to the point that you will say to yourself â€Å"I do not want to live there† or â€Å"I wouldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson2020 Words   |  9 Pagesboth Joyce Carol Oates and Shirley Jackson managed to craft haunting short stories, whose characters quickly bond to your brain before they are quickly ripped away. â€Å"The Lottery’s† effectiveness leans on subtle character traits and changes—her style, while not as minimal, reminds me of Carver, in that what is left unsaid is nearly as important as her stripped down and dialed back use of character description. Though there is an undercurrent of unease slowly pulsing through â€Å"The Lottery†, it isn’tRead MoreThe Black Religious Community, Gospel ( Christian ) Rap2632 Words   |  11 Pageslike the Beatnik or Hippie of yesteryear and now to include churches. Like those references, many think that this too is a passing fad. So why is Hip-hop’s influence able to both captivate and influence the minds of many in the United States and through out the world. Well, Rap music and its culture speaks and delivers a unique message to the inner being of a person that cannot always be seen. The individual response that is generated from the processing of that message can take many different

World War One Home Front Free Essays

There were any war plans made such as the Schlemiels Plan; a plan devised to avoid war on two fronts, Germans to defeat France and turn back to Russia with a hammer swing, and plan 17; was the French manipulation plan. Modifications were made to the plans and lead to their eventual failure. There were a number of battles including the Battle of the Manner; where German troops attempted to move towards Paris but were attack as the RE flank was exposed. We will write a custom essay sample on World War One Home Front or any similar topic only for you Order Now There was a gap between the troops and the British troops were able to move into the gap. Leading to Germany having to fight a war on two fronts. There was also the Race to the sea which was the Germans attempt to gain as many ports as possible to allow for the continue of trade. It resulted In the creation of the Western front. The Nature of Trench warfare and Life in Trenches (1 86 Words) Trenches played a huge role in WWW. Features of trenches included, sandbags, ammunition, dugouts, parapet, duckboards, fire steps and barbed wire. Trenches were a complex network and extended across many kilometers with the front line positioned to launch at the enemy. They were constructed In a gig gag structure Communication trenches unconnected each line. They were expected to be temporary at the beginning of the war. The area between allies and Germans was called no man’s land. There was not set distance between the lines. No man’s land had deep craters, mud, heavy rain, artillery bombardment. Weaponry changed throughout the war, machine guns, rifles, grenades, flamethrowers, mortars and gas were used. The battle tactics began as offensive and later changed to defensive. The life In trenches was horrible, there were many rats, mud and diseases that were evident within the trenches. This lead to battle fatigue and shell shock. Many soldiers experiences unhygienic living conditions, Illnesses such as dysentery, trench foot and PITS. 80% of the time solders were bored stuff, 19% of the time frozen stiff and only 1% of the time scared stiff. Attempts to Break the Stalemate (241 Words) There were numerous attempts to break the stalemate. The Battle of Verdure was In Feb. – Novel 1916. â€Å"They shall not pass† Is the saying aligned with It. It Involved generals, Falkland for Germany and Petting for France. It was Germany’s aim to bleed the French white† through a war of attrition. Using heavy artillery bombardment and diphthongs gas. It resulted in an early German advance later re won by France. The failures of Verdure lead to Falkland replaced by Hindering and Ultrasound. Another battle was the Battle of the Some. This was from July – Novo General Hag was involved. The aim being to break through and relieve France at Verdure. They used artillery assaults and creeping barrage tanks. Another battle was the Battle of Packsaddle. This was between July’s – Novo 1917. It is known for the mud. It was also with General Hag. The aim was to gain control of the seaports and draw pressure off France. The use of heavy artillery bombardment. The result was only a small territorial gain and the opportunity to send reserves after a breakthrough at Cambric. There were also attempts made beyond the Western Front, these included places like Galileo. There was the naval blockade, which saw Germany launch its unrestricted submarine warfare and peace movements such as Papal peace note to reduce arms and the women’s peace party. Changing attitudes of German and Allied soldiers to the war (174 Words) Britain at the beginning of the war has overwhelming support and enthusiasm. There was a glorified look on war; excitement of the duty and adventure. Britain had no tradition of conscription and men responded to propaganda such as the Kitcheners army posters well. There was â€Å"fear† that war would only last a short period and be over by Christmas. Britain often demons Germany. However, by 1916, the excitement had disappeared and reality of trenches and the futility of war have a major effect on roofs. The Battle of the Some was a turning point where reality sunk in. Recruitment figures have dropped by the end of 1916 and conscription was introduced. War weariness became a factor. Germany also had a massive and widespread enthusiasm. The German men shared the same motivation as British men. Patriotism, honor, duty, peer pressure, impressing girls and a steady income. However, food shortages lead to havoc and German soldiers developed the same feelings of the disillusionment and war weariness as British men especially with Germany facing starvation in 1917. How to cite World War One Home Front, Essays

Recent Trends in Malware Viruses and Trojan Horses

Question: Discuss about theRecent Trends in Malware for Viruses and Trojan Horses. Answer: Introduction Malware or in other words malicious software can include a large number of hostile or criminal software that can cause various forms of security threats like worms, viruses, Trojan horses, and rootkits. The harm is caused by infiltrating a computer without the awareness of the host. AS technologies a have developed over past few years, malwares have also grown with new threats that are difficult to overcome(M., 2008). Attacks through malware are increasing through social networks, search engines and mobile devices exposing web users to infections. In 2010, over 1 million websites were infected by malware and around 1.5 million advertisements were distributed as observed by Dasient. A protection measure requires the use of an antivirus that not just protects a machine from normal viruses but also from malware threats and spywares. In several cases, an anti-malware produced used along with anti-virus would give better protection to a system using internet(Mills, 2011). Considering the large number of compromises caused by malware attacks, malware can be considered as an important area to explore and understand such that awareness about dangers can be created and appropriate protection measures can be identified and used for combating malware related threats. Thus, this report would explore recent trends in malware threats and explore solutions(Mariotti, 2014). Research Report Challenges As per 2013 Batchelder report, malware made on top of the list of threats faced by websites. Malware attack websites by injecting malicious JavaScripts by exploiting their vulnerabilities. These malware attacks affect organizations in major ways out of which data breach is one of the most prominent and harmful threat. They are updated, encrypted with anti-debugging capabilities added and commercialisation of exploit kits with automation has added complexities to incident detection and tracking of malware activities(Mansour Parrizas, 2014). Malware have become persistent threats to the web ecosystem and layered defences are unable to provide a complete protection due to Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) caused by malware. These malware are mostly targeted to evading the privacy or performing some criminal activities like theft, sabotage or espionage(Dionysopoulou, 2014). With a large number of malware existing today, it becomes a challenge to properly classify them. As on March 6, 2007, there were 30,000 distinct variants of malware that were identified. Initially, this classification was done manually but in recent years, the processes are automated for grouping new viruses. However, this automatic classification poses many challenges mainly due to lack of well-defined notions of multiple malware instances(Li, Liu, Gao, Reiter, 2010). Another major challenge occurs because of lack of awareness about malware attack behaviour in users who open doors for such attacks too often putting their systems to risks. Moreover, internet security technologies that are used by enterprises for protection may not be reared to fight the modern malware techniques leaving their machines vulnerable to attacks(Oltsik, 2013). Technologies Technologies are used for detecting malware such that they could be prevented from getting downloaded to cause harm to systems. Various malware detection techniques that are used today include signature based, anomaly based and specification based methods(Agrawal, Singh, Gour, Kumar, 2014). PAYL is a program that is used for dynamic anomaly based detection. It calculates the expected payload for every system port and creates byte frequency distribution for developing a centroid model. Incoming payloads are compared with this model to identify variations. If the incoming payload is much more than expected payload as per the model, then that is recognized as malicious. Intrusion detection can use data mining techniques for creating malware detection agents that can audit data of incoming connections to identify intrusions. Privacy-invasive software (PIS) like Adware and Spyware can be identified using Forensic Tool Kit (FTK) software. Other malware protection technologies use techniques like Finite State Automata (FSA) approach to detection, process profiling of system calls, Audit trail pattern analysis, Network Analysis of Anomalous Traffic Events (NATE), Fileprint (n-gram) analysis, cross-view diff-based detection and so on(Idika Mathur, 2007). Research Areas Various areas of recent in the malware trends include: Types of malware software like viruses, worms and so on such as ransomware, espionage, crime ware and so on. The techniques used by malware software for evasion such as stalling codes, environmental triggers and so on(Lindorfer, Kolbitsch, Comparetti, 2011) Malware detection techniques used for protection from malware threats Probabilities and impacts of malware attacks on systems including various types of malicious activities that can be performed Malicious behaviour categories including evasion, execution, network, packing, auto start, file and memory attacks. Technologies or techniques that can be used for detecting malware Various types of threats that can be caused to various types of users in the case of malware attack incidences(ESET, 2016) Discussion Summary The report explores two studies conducted by M. Papadaki on Attack Pattern Analysis: Trends in Malware Variant Development and by Shahid Alam on Current Trends and the Future of Metamorphic Malware Detection. Attack Pattern Analysis: Trends in Malware Variant Development This research delved into the practices of development of malware variants such that the insights could be used for developing additional protection layers to deal with these variants. The study was conducted by exploring three popular malware threats including Beagle, Netsky and Mytob. Some malware trends seen between the years 2003 and 2005 were identified including mass mailing worms, threats to confidential data, bots and their variants, and blended threats. The analysis of specific threats revealed that mass mailing worms like Netsky are propagated through emails and folders that are shared over web. In such cases, worms use some advanced social engineering techniques such that lure users into opening files and a malicious code gets executed the moment user previews or views the file. Just like Netsky, Beagle also used same channels for propagation and also peer-to-peer networks at times. The difference was found in the way worms are utilized on attacked website. While Netsky sent the whole malicious code for attack, Beagle sent only part of code that was used for downloading entire malicious code from a website. This makes it easier for security communities to block downloads but at the same time makes users vulnerable in future with spamming. Mytob was the newer worm that incorporated mall mailing as well as botnet functionalities. It uses a basic mass mailing functionality but an advanced level of backdoor entry by connecting to IRC servers to receive commands giving servers access to local systems through web or ftp. The research suggested that, it is not the complexity which poses biggest challenge, but the combination of various techniques that they use for tricking users that can pose danger. Thus, malware detection software need to understand evolution of variants of malware and their incremental development behaviour to develop counter-techniques(M.Papadaki, S.M.Furnell, N.L.Clarke, Bakar, G.Pinkney, 2005). Current Trends and the Future of Metamorphic Malware Detection This research explored trends in malware threats and characteristics of malware detection systems. The paper identified techniques that malware developers use to protect malware software from getting detected by antivirus applications such as packing or compression, polymorphism that involves mutation of static binary code, and metamorphism that involves mutation of dynamic binary code. Various types of metamorphic malware were identified including closed-world malware that can generate newly mutated codes and open-world malwares that can communicate with other websites through internet to update themselves. The report suggested that malware detection can be used as a measure for protection and major types of detection techniques include Opcode-based analysis (OBA) that disassembles binaries to extract opcodes, Control Flow Analysis (CFA) that assesses calling relationships between program functions, and Information Flow Analysis (IFA) that checks changes in propagated values over time. The report also observed future trends that can occur in the malware threat propagation. The research revealed that web and mobile malware are likely to get more sophisticated in future which is why a hybrid protection involving both static and dynamic analysis may be required for protection. With increasing use of Internet-of-Things devices, embedded system threats are also likely to increase and this demands use of newer malware detection and protection techniques to protect systems from sophisticated malwares like Stuxnet. Further, the paper suggested that a distributed malware detection system may be used over cloud to secure communications between various devices and cloud(Alam, Traore, Sogukpinar, 2014). Uncovered Issues The researches recognized the challenge and requirement for understanding malware variations and their developmental techniques but it did not cover the methods that are used by malware creators for disguising users or tricking them into opening or downloading malware such as code signing and modified browser settings(Sagar, 2009). The researchers also did not explore the evasion techniques used by malware currently such as environmental awareness, obfuscation of internal data, timing-based evasion and confusing automated tools. There are over 500 evasive behaviours that can be used in combination for causing malware attacks. How security techniques can be used for detecting these evasive behaviours of malware was not covered in the researches explored. The researchers did not explore latest techniques used by various types of malware like botnets, espionage, ransomware and so on. This could have included an exploration of specific types of malware, their varieties, attack techniques and evolution(OECD, 2008). The researchers did not include insights into how systems can get affected which could be useful in identifying causes that would be used for building awareness in users such that threat exposure could be minimized. Some of the techniques that could have been explored here include drive by downloads that involves downloading of an executable file, piggyback attacks which involves embedding of malware code in an otherwise safe executable file(Peterson, 2006). Lessons Learnt Some lessons about malware and their attack, evasion, detection and impact trends include: The danger is more in the combination of evasion techniques used by malware than in the complexities of attacks because evasion techniques target users who are not educated to handle security threats Malware producers keep coming with variations that older technological solutions would not be able to adapt to and thus, newer technologies and updates may be required to prevent such malware from affecting systems. Use of anti-virus software may not be sufficient for complete protection and a complementing malware detection software may be needed Organizations are not prepared with technological solutions that are capable of managing and preventing threats caused by latest malware There are over 500 evasive behaviour used by malware and the list keeps on increasing making it difficult for security solution providers to keep them updated Because of a huge number of variants of malware, a correct classification of malware becomes difficult as this is mostly done use automated tools that have limited information about the characteristics of malware. Conclusions The report explored recent trends in malware including different types of threats from malware, techniques used for development of malware, strategies used for attacking users and measures used for protection from malware. The paper explored two past researches done in this area to understand the trends and identified research gaps by uncovering issues that were not discussed in the chosen researches. Based on the understanding of malware trends and the research gaps, some lessons that were learned from the exercises on the topic of interest were presented in the end. References Agrawal, M., Singh, H., Gour, N., Kumar, A. (2014). Evaluation on Malware Analysis. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, 3381-3384. Alam, S., Traore, I., Sogukpinar, I. (2014). Current Trends and the Future of Metamorphic Malware Detection. University of Victoria. Dionysopoulou, N. (2014). The key to advanced malware protection. McAfee. ESET. (2016). Trends 2016 (IN) Security Everywhere. Eset. Idika, N., Mathur, A. P. (2007). A Survey of Malware Detection Techniques. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University. Li, P., Liu, L., Gao, D., Reiter, M. K. (2010). On Challenges in Evaluating Malware Clustering. Chapel Hill, NC, USA: University of North Carolina. Lindorfer, M., Kolbitsch, C., Comparetti, P. M. (2011). Detecting Environment-Sensitive Malware. Vienna University of Technology. M., A. H. (2008). Malware 101 - Viruses. SANS Institute. M.Papadaki, S.M.Furnell, N.L.Clarke, Bakar, U., G.Pinkney. (2005). Attack Pattern Analysis: Trends in Malware Variant Development . Plymouth, United Kingdom: University of of Plymouth. Mansour, Y., Parrizas, A. A. (2014). An Early Malware Detection, Correlation, and Incident Response System with Case Studies. SANS Institute. Mariotti, J. (2014). An introduction to malware . CERT-UK. Mills, E. (2011). Emerging Trends in Malware - Antivirus and Beyond . WayTek. OECD. (2008). Malicious Software (Malware): A security Threat to Internet Economy. OECD. Oltsik, J. (2013). Malware and the State of Enterprise Security. ESG. Peterson, P. (2006). Malware Trends:The Attack of Blended Spyware Crime . Ironport Systems. Sagar, A. (2009). Current Threat Scenario and Recent Attack Trends. CERTIN.